Research and development of x-band antenna for wave formation with non-zero orbital angular momentum


Аuthors

Meleshin Y. M.

National Research University of Electronic Technology "MIET", 1, Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498, Russia

e-mail: kykymberr@gmail.com

Abstract

The article presents the process of electro-dynamic modeling, designing and testing of the broadband X-band frequencies antennas, forming the waves with both spherical phase front and waves with non-zero orbital angular momentum (OAM). Antennas manufactured by printed technology based on an equidistant antenna array of 16 elements and operating in the frequency range from 9 to 10 GHz have were under study. The article demonstrates the process of the required phase shifts computing at the antenna elements, as well as aero-dynamic modeling of the signal separation and phase shaping circuitry. Antennas with spherical phase front, with spiral phase front for clockwise and counterclockwise spiral rotations (corresponding to the OAM modes +1 and –1) were designed and fabricated. Experimental studies of the antenna patterns in the far zone (at a distance of 8 meters) and in the near zone (in the range from 0.1 to 2 meters) have been performed. Studies in the far zone revealed that the pattern was of a difference shape, and the wave intensity in the direction normal to the aperture plane is 30 dB less than that of a similar antenna with a spherical phase front. The difference in the transmission coefficient herewith between the case with the identic modes and different pitches is less than 4 dB for the comparison sector from –30 to +30 degrees, which indicates that the mode purity is insufficient for these antennas at a distance of 8 meters. The studies conducted in the near zone demonstrate the possibility of signal separation at one frequency and one type of polarization through the application of the developed antennas with different OAM modes with a coefficient of mutual locking up to 14 dB. However, with the distance increasing up to 1 meter, this coefficient falls to 3-4 dB, which already indicates a significant degradation of the modes purity at this distance. Conclusions on the relevance of the issues concerning quality improving of the modes formed by the OAM and reducing the divergence of such waves were made by the results of this work.

Keywords:

Angular orbital momentum, spectrum efficiency, antennas, printed antennas

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