Investigation of aerothermodynamics of the advanced hypersonic reentry vehicles

Аuthors

Myint Z. M.^*, Khlopkov A. Y.^**

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9, Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, 141701, Russia

*e-mail: zayyarmyomyint@gmail.com
**e-mail: khlopkov@falt.ru

Abstract

Investigation of aerothermodynamics in space is a key technology for the design and optimization of space vehicles since it provides the necessary databases for the choice of trajectory, guidance, navigation and control, as well as for thermal protection and propulsion systems. The purpose of this work is to provide a method for calculation of aerothermodynamic characteristics during the flight in rarefied, transitional and continuum regimes, which could be used for rapid engineering calculations at early stages of reentry vehicle design.
Space vehicle design basically depends on databases, which provide the forces, moments, temperatures and heat fluxes along the chosen trajectories. The particle-based Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method may be used for the rarefied flows, and Navier-Stokes equations may be solved by using algorithms from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for the continuum regime. Thus aerothermodynamic characteristics of the high-speed rarefied gas flow are obtained by using the DSMC method on the basis of three different gas-surface interaction models — Maxwell, Cercignani-Lampis-Lord (CLL) and Lennard-Jones (LJ). The local-bridging method is used in transitional regime.
The paper presents the results of aerothermodynamic characteristics calculations for reentry vehicle with the use of DSMC method. Results show that the values of heat transfer coefficients are sensitive to application of various gas-surface interaction models. Also results of calculation of heat transfer coefficient on sphere in transitional regime by using local-bridging method are described. Comparison of the calculation results for the spherical body in transitional regime with experimental data has shown that the modeling results are correct and the calculation error is below 5%.
The DSMC method was used during the analysis of aerothermodynamic characteristics of reentry vehicle in free molecular flow to circumvent the complexity of solving the whole Boltzmann integro-differential equation. As the flow changes from rarefied to continuum regime, the DSMC method requires many more simulated molecules, larger computer memory and longer CPU runtimes. Thus local-bridging method is used to rapidly obtain aerothermodynamic characteristics for this transitional regime.
The paper shows that it is possible to study the aerothermodynamic characteristics of the space vehicle at altitudes from 120 to 60 km by the use of local bridging method. Presented methods and results may be useful for the design of the thermal protection systems of modern and advanced reentry vehicles and construction of their de-orbiting trajectories.

Keywords:

aerothermodynamic characteristics, high-altitude aerodynamics, heat flux in transitional flow, local bridging method

References

1. Kogan M.N. Dinamika razrezhennogo gaza (Rarefied Gas Dynamics), Moscow, Science, 1967, 440 p.
2. Bird G.A. Molecular Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows, Oxford: University Press, 1994, 479 p.
3. Khlopkov Yu.I. Statisticheskoe modelirovanie v vychislitelnoi aerodinamike (Statistical modeling in computational aerodynamics), Moscow, MIPT, 2006, 158 p.
4. Cercignani C. The Boltzmann Equation and Its Applications, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988, 455 p.
5. Voronich I.V., Zeya M.M. Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo institutа, 2010, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 59-67.
6. Cercignani C. The Kramers Problem for a not Complete Diffusing Wall, J. Math. Phys. Appl., 1965, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 568-586.
7. Cercignani C., Lampis M. Kinetic Models for Gas-Surface Interactions, Transport Theory and Statistical Physics, 1971, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 101-114.
8. Nocilla S. The Surface Re-emission Law in Free Molecular Flow, Proc. of 3^rd Int. Symp. on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 1963, vol. 1, pp. 327-346.
9. Freedlander O.G., Nikiforov A.P. Modeling Aerodynamic Atmospheric Effects on the Space Vehicle Surface Based on Test Data, ESA WPP-066, 1993, pp. 307-312.
10. Zeya M. M., Khlopkov A.Yu. Uchenye zapiski TsAGI, 2010, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 33-45.
11. Barantsev R.G. Vzaimodeistvie razrezhennykh gazov s obtekaemymi poverkhnostyami (Interaction of rarefied gases with streamlined surface), Moscow, Science, 1975, 343 p.
12. Lord R.G. Application of the Cercignani-Lampis Scattering Kernel to Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Calculations, Proc. of 17^th Int. Symp. on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, 1991, pp. 1427-1433.
13. Lord R.G. Some Further Extensions of the Cercignani-Lampis Gas-Surface Interaction Model, Phys. Fluids, 1995, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1159-1161.
14. Belotserkovskii O.M., Khlopkov Y.I. Monte Carlo Methods in Mechanics of Fluid and Gas, World Scientific Publishing Co. N-Y, London, Singapore, Beijing, Hong Kong, 2010, 268 p.
15. Lee Lester Laminar heat transfer over blunt nosed bodies at hypersonic flight speeds, Jet Propulsion, 1956, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 259-269.
16. Ivanov M.S., Markelov G.N., Gimelshein S.F., Mishina L.V., Krylov A.N., Grechko N.V. High-Altitude Capsule Aerodynamics with real gas effects, J. of Spacecraft and Rocket, 1998, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 16-22.
17. Vashchenkov P.V. Chislennyi analiz vysotnoi aerotermodinamiki kosmicheskikh apparatov (Numerical analysis of high-altitude aerothermodynamics of spacecraft), Doctor’s thesis, Novosibirsk, ITAM, 2012, 119 p.
18. Dogra V.K., Wilmoth R.G., Moss J.N. Aerothermodynamics of 1.6 -m- diameter sphere in Hypersonic Rarefied Flow, J. of AIAA, 1992, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 1789 – 1794.
19. Sampaio P.A.C., Santos W.F.N. Computational analysis of the aerodynamic heating and drag of a reentry Brazilian satellite, Proceedings of the 6th National Congress of Mechanical Engineering, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, 2010.
20. Vaganov A.V., Drozdov S.M., Dudin G.N., Kosykh A.P., Nersesov G.G., Pafnutev V.V., Chelysheva I.F., Yumashev V.L. Uchenye zapiski TsAGI, 2007, vol. 38, no. 1-2, pp. 16-26.
21. Vaganov A.V., Drozdov S.M., Kosykh A.P., Nersesov G.G., Chelysheva I.F., Yumashev V.L. Uchenye zapiski TsAGI, 2009, vol. 40, no 2, pp. 3-15.

Download