Features of classification of the underlying earth surfaces according to the characteristics of echo signals in on-board radars


DOI: 10.34759/trd-2021-118-11

Аuthors

Nenashev V. A.

Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 67, Bolshaya Morskaya str., Saint Petersburg, 190000, Russia

e-mail: nenashev@guap.ru

Abstract

Today, on-board radar monitoring systems are actively used as devices for observing the earth’s surface. They have great practical advantages. The main of these advantages are:

— implementation of monitoring of the earth’s surface in unfavorable weather conditions and at any time of the day, as well as in various seasonal conditions;

— sufficiently long range of action;

— high accuracy in determining the coordinates of the detected physical objects and outlines of the edges of the underlying surfaces;

— the ability to cover large areas of the monitored areas in a short period of time;

— implementation of the mode in real time, etc.

The work defines, analyzes and forms the corresponding parameters of echo signals, the space of information features of characteristics. The most informative classification parameters have been identified, the main of which is the radar cross section (RCS) value. In this case, the selected parameters of echo signals are stable under the influence of various destructive influences on the signal during its propagation.

The distribution laws of Weibull, Rayleigh, Rayleigh-Rice, Hoyt, etc. are used as a model for the fluctuations of the envelope of the earth’s surface echoes, as well as the log-normal law and the K-distribution as the equivalent of the sea surface echo.

In this work, an algorithm for the classification of one information attribute, which is the RCS, has been developed. The block diagram of the algorithm is presented. The classification algorithm is implemented on the basis of comparing the RCS value taken from the corresponding base of classification features of objects and underlying surfaces with the RCS value calculated from the received values of the echo signal amplitudes observed in the receiver strobe of the onboard radar.

Through the use of on-board radar equipment, search, detection and classification of underlying surfaces is carried out, which makes it possible to perform these tasks regardless of weather, daily and seasonal conditions. In this case, the reliability of the classification algorithm depends only on the intrinsic fluctuations of the evaluated characteristics of the echo signals. The result of the work is the development of an algorithm for the classification of underlying surfaces by RCS.

Keywords:

classification, underlying surface, echo signal, airborne radar systems, radar cross section, space of information signs

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