Investigation of the capabilities of modern space facilities for monitoring objects in near-Earth space


DOI: 10.34759/trd-2022-127-21

Аuthors

Maletin A. N.1*, Glushchenko A. A.1**, Mishina O. A.2***

1. Mlitary spaсe Aсademy named after A.F. Mozhaisky, Saint Petersburg, Russia
2. Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH ” named after D.F. Ustinov, 1, 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya str., Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia

*e-mail: vka@mil.ru
**e-mail: andrglu@mail.ru
***e-mail: olga_a_mishina@mail.ru

Abstract

The researches of near and far outer space is relevant in scientific and practical terms. For science, it is the study of the Solar system (including asteroids, comets, distant Galaxies). From a practical point of view, this is the control of space objects and the monitoring of the contamination of near-earth space with space debris.

The world’s leading space powers continue to work on the creation of space facilities designed to solve the problems of testing technologies for remote inspection, autonomous rendezvous with specified objects, maintenance, repair, reconfiguration, modernization, refueling, changing orbit parameters, monitoring «space debris» and other necessary operations. This approach can be used to extend the service life of serviced spacecraft.

Based on the tactical and technical characteristics known from open sources, the article presents the results of the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of foreign automatic spacecraft of a new generation developed on the basis of unified space platforms.

The introduction of advanced technologies has made it possible to significantly reduce the mass and size characteristics of spacecraft and the consumption of all types of resources, which has reduced the cost of developing, manufacturing and launching small spacecraft. New miniaturization technologies make it possible to create small spacecraft capable of performing tasks that 20 years ago were available only to large-class spacecraft.

The mass of such devices does not exceed 100-150 kg, the overall characteristics may be less than 1 m3. At the same time, the period of active existence can reach 5-7 years, the reserve of the characteristic speed is more than 400 m/s, the positioning accuracy is no more than 10-50 m, and the orientation accuracy is 10-15 angular s. The optical—electronic means of spacecraft have high resolution, allowing to observe geostationary spacecraft from low Earth orbit.

Theoretical and experimental studies have been brought to the stage of creating real groupings of small spacecraft that demonstrate very high capabilities for solving problems of monitoring near-Earth space. First of all, this indicates a high level of theoretical and applied scientific research in this direction and the prospects for the miniaturization of space technology. In addition, this fact explains the priority of these studies, both for the state and for private companies developing modern space systems and complexes.

Keywords:

spacecraft, unified space platform, technical characteristics, near-Earth space

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